%PDF-1.5
%
1 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 2 0 R
/Names 3 0 R
/OpenAction 4 0 R
/Outlines 5 0 R
/PageMode /UseNone
/Pages 6 0 R
/Type /Catalog
/ViewerPreferences <<
/FitWindow true
>>
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Author (Matthew T. Elmore, James F. White, Kathryn L. Kingsley, Katherine H. Diehl and Satish K. Verma)
/CreationDate (D:20190521182327+08'00')
/Creator (LaTeX with hyperref package)
/Keywords (biological control; bioherbicide; Curvularia; Pantoea; Pantoea ananatis; weed ecology)
/ModDate (D:20190521071754-05'00')
/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 \(TeX Live 2018/W32TeX\) kpathsea version 6.3.0)
/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.19)
/Subject (Digitaria ischaemum \(Schreb.\) Schreb. ex Muhl. and Poa annua L. are competitive, early successional species which are usually considered weeds in agricultural and turfgrass systems. Bacteria and fungi associated with D. ischaemum and P. annua seed may contribute to their competitiveness by antagonizing competitor forbs, and were studied in axenic culture. Pantoea spp. were the most common bacterial isolate of D. ischaemum seed, while Epicoccum and Curvularia spp. were common fungal isolates. A variety of species were collected from non-surface sterilized P. annua. Certain Pantoea spp. isolates were antagonistic to competitor forbs Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens. All bacterial isolates that affected T. officinale mortality were isolated from D. ischaemum seed while none of the P. annua isolates affected mortality. Two selected bacterial isolates identified as Pantoea ananatis were evaluated further on D. ischaemum, T. repens \(a competitor forb\) and P. annua \(a competitor grass\) alone and in combination with a Curvularia sp. fungus. These bacteria alone caused >65% T. repens seedling mortality but did not affect P. annua seedling mortality. These experiments demonstrate that Pantoea ananatis associated with D. ischaemum seeds is antagonistic to competitor forbs in axenic culture. The weedy character of D. ischaemum could at least in part stem from the possession of bacteria that are antagonistic to competitor species.)
/Title (Pantoea spp. Associated with Smooth Crabgrass \(Digitaria ischaemum\) Seed Inhibit Competitor Plant Species)
/Trapped /False
/rgid (PB:333240115_AS:760971933007872@1558441255766)
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Length 5598
/Subtype /XML
/Type /Metadata
>>
stream
application/pdf
Matthew T. Elmore, James F. White, Kathryn L. Kingsley, Katherine H. Diehl and Satish K. Verma
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. and Poa annua L. are competitive, early successional species which are usually considered weeds in agricultural and turfgrass systems. Bacteria and fungi associated with D. ischaemum and P. annua seed may contribute to their competitiveness by antagonizing competitor forbs, and were studied in axenic culture. Pantoea spp. were the most common bacterial isolate of D. ischaemum seed, while Epicoccum and Curvularia spp. were common fungal isolates. A variety of species were collected from non-surface sterilized P. annua. Certain Pantoea spp. isolates were antagonistic to competitor forbs Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens. All bacterial isolates that affected T. officinale mortality were isolated from D. ischaemum seed while none of the P. annua isolates affected mortality. Two selected bacterial isolates identified as Pantoea ananatis were evaluated further on D. ischaemum, T. repens (a competitor forb) and P. annua (a competitor grass) alone and in combination with a Curvularia sp. fungus. These bacteria alone caused >65% T. repens seedling mortality but did not affect P. annua seedling mortality. These experiments demonstrate that Pantoea ananatis associated with D. ischaemum seeds is antagonistic to competitor forbs in axenic culture. The weedy character of D. ischaemum could at least in part stem from the possession of bacteria that are antagonistic to competitor species.
Pantoea spp. Associated with Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) Seed Inhibit Competitor Plant Species
2019-05-21T18:23:27+08:00
LaTeX with hyperref package
2019-05-21T07:17:54-05:00
2019-05-21T07:17:54-05:00
biological control; bioherbicide; Curvularia; Pantoea; Pantoea ananatis; weed ecology
pdfTeX-1.40.19
False
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 (TeX Live 2018/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.3.0
uuid:8c5ae364-ad3a-524c-93ea-5615dafb0dac
uuid:02126a63-354c-7a4d-b9c5-d1928aa0e286
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Dests 8 0 R
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/D [9 0 R /FitH]
/S /GoTo
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/Count 17
/First 10 0 R
/Last 11 0 R
/Type /Outlines
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Count 15
/Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R]
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/Kids [15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R]
/Limits [(Doc-Start) (table.caption.5)]
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Annots [18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R
28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R]
/Contents [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R]
/CropBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/Parent 12 0 R
/Resources 40 0 R
/Rotate 0
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/A 41 0 R
/Next 42 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/A 43 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Prev 44 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/Count 7
/Kids [45 0 R 9 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/Count 6
/Kids [51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/Count 2
/Kids [57 0 R 58 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/Kids [59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R]
/Limits [(Doc-Start) (cite.B40-microorganisms-493318)]
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Kids [65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R]
/Limits [(cite.B41-microorganisms-493318) (page.8)]
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Kids [71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R]
/Limits [(page.9) (table.caption.5)]
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [75.539 757.64 238.167 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [474.736 757.64 519.737 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-3892)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [175.932 640.347 186.996 654.01]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-7066)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [263.449 640.347 274.512 654.01]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/5/143?type=check_update&version=1)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [466.564 526.49 518.801 545.491]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B1-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [240.399 165.947 247.372 175.048]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B2-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [443.135 152.438 450.109 161.539]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B3-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [450.607 152.254 457.581 161.539]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B4-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [381.42 125.419 388.394 134.52]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B5-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [470.742 111.725 477.716 121.01]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B6-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [261.467 71.197 268.441 80.482]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B8-microorganisms-493318)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [271.375 71.197 278.349 80.482]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050143)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [187.447 38.684 302.303 50.141]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [374.14 38.684 519.737 50.141]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/Length 618
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
HT]o0}c[_}
$`<